These findings highlight the importance of strengthening seed certification programs and quarantine measures in Colombia for viruses like PVS, which can cause losses of up to 20% in potato crops and even higher in mixed virus infection. A high diversity was observed among PVSA strains with percent identities in the range of 88-99%. Analysis of sequence revealed the presence of two PVS strains in Colombia: three isolates were associated to PVSo (Ordinary) and twelve belonged to PVSA (Andean). In average, PVS was detected in 40% of 320 analyzed samples of potato leaves the highest levels were observed in the East ofAntioquia (49%) and Pasto (Nariño) (47%), while in the other regions ranged between 35% and 42%. We also studied the degree of molecular variation by sequence comparison of a segment of the gene encoding for the viral coat protein. In this work, we evaluated the presence ofPVS in four Colombian provinces (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Nariño) by the use of. Unfortunately, there are very few studies on the biology, distribution and pathogenicity of these viruses this situation is even worse for the latent virus PVS. In Colombia, potato crops are affected by a wide variety of viruses such as PVY, PLRV, PVX, PMTV and PVS. We conclude that mulberry has high genomic complexity, as evidenced in the collection investigated here. The molecularly established groups showed elevated levels of both genetic distance and polymorphic loci, especially populations 1 and 5. The groups exhibited an F ST value of 0.235 and a gene flow value of 1.1. AMOVA analysis revealed that 77% of the diversity was within populations and 23% between the recognized molecular groups. Cluster analysis showed that each of the 31 accessions has a different molecular genotype. The primer combinations showed mean heterozygosity and genetic diversity values of 0.2332 and 0.2302, respectively.
Genetic diversity, relationships among the accessions and the degree of population structure were evaluated. total diversity present in these accessions. Five primer combinations generated 152 polymorphic AFLP bands with an average correlation of 20% and allowed analysis of 64.12% of the. (Moraceae) from the germplasm collection of the experimental farm ''El Pílamo'' (Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Colombia) were analyzed. Using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), the genetic diversity of 31 accessions of the mulberry, Morus spp.
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